Some germplasms with high salt tolerance are available. Four simple sequence repeats ssr markers rm493, rm10793, rm3412 and rm10791 found in the saltol locus in chromosome 1 were used for molecular analysis. Anamul hoque1, 1department of soil science, bangladesh agricultural university, mymensingh2202, bangladesh. A rapid screening technique for salt tolerance in rice oryza. Apr 16, 20 scientists have successfully bred a rice variety that is salttolerant, which could enable farmers to reclaim coastal areas rendered useless by sea water, a philippinebased institute said tuesday.
Heritable alteration in salttolerance in rice induced by. Salinity tolerance loci revealed in rice using high. Identification and characterization of genes responsible. On a quest for donors toward salinity tolerant rice.
In riceupland crop systems, change to doublerice cropping if sufficient water is available and climate allows. The local landraces adapted to extremes in water availability could be the sources of genetic. Pdf improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice. Molecular dissection of seedling salinity tolerance. Excess salinity in soil is one of the major environmental factors that limit plant growth and yield of a wide variety of crops including rice. Previously, cell typespecific expression of athkt1. On the basis of tolerance ability toward salinity, rice is considered as saltsensitive crop, and growth and yield of rice are greatly affected by salinity. Rice plants generally tolerate salt by mainly two mechanisms, ion exclusion and osmotic tolerance munns and tester, 2008. The dry matter production and the concentration of nutrients in rice oryza sativa l. In general, rice can tolerate a small amount of saltwater without compromising the growth and yield. However, due to large confidence interval for the position of qtls, utility of reported qtls and the associated markers has been limited in rice breeding programs. Concentration of sodium, calcium, zinc, phosphorus and chloride increased while that of potassium and magnesium decreased in the shoot sap when rice plant was exposed to naci. For salinity levels exceed 4, the conversion of rice culture to rice shrimp rotational farming is an adaptation strategy to improve farmers income and livelihoods.
In most of the cultivars, more damage is done at germination and early growth stages 11, indicating that salinity has negative effect on plant early growth stages. Screening for salt tolerance in rice 101 screening at seedling stage seeds of each line were sown in plasticcoated galvanizediron trays 60 x 30 x 5 cm, filled with silica gravel 4 mm diameter. Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by multiple agronomic parameters article pdf available in euphytica 1272 september 2002 with 168 reads how we measure reads. Prediction of salt tolerance in rice oryza sativa based. Salt stress imposes serious limitation to the plant growth and productivity and is considered a major threat to global food security. Physiological basis of salt stress tolerance in rice expressing.
Progress in breeding rice with salt tolerance is slow due to genetic complexity of salinity tolerance flowers and flowers 2005. Rice genotypes with sub1 qtl differ in submergence tolerance. Modifying sodium transport to improve salinity tolerance. It was concluded that salinity of 150 mm was used as a salinity threshold tolerance for rice, at least for the six varieties of rice used in the experiment. However, the production and the cultivating areas are adversely affected from the threats of devastation caused by the rise of sea level. In addition, experiments conducted by sirisena and. Overexpression of rice expansin7 osexpa7 confers enhanced. The local landraces adapted to extremes in water availability could be the sources of. Pyramiding qtls controlling tolerance against drought, salinity, and. Background salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting yield in many parts of the world.
In addition to conventional breeding, other innovative breeding techniques such as tissue culture, induced mutations and wide crosses needed to be. Physiological basis of salt stress tolerance in rice expressing the antiapoptotic gene sfiap. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and ion accumulation in two indica rice oriza sativa l. Pdf rice oryza sativa l is an important staple crop that feeds more than one. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and. Salinity tolerance in rice as affected by application of abscisic acid and. Mohammad rashed hossain a thesis submitted to the university of birmingham for the degree of doctor of philosophy. The effect of brassinosteroid treatment on the salinity tolerance of rice during the seedling stage involved seed. Aris hairmansis a thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy school of agriculture, food and wine faculty of sciences the university of adelaide february 2014. The present research was conducted to evaluate five rice varieties for salinity tolerance at seedling stage. Soil salinity is an increasingly prominent threat to crop yields. Tolerant landraces that withstand submergence for 12 weeks were identified.
Droughtprone lowlands severe seasonlong drought destroyed plantings in upper fields at raipur 2002 kdml 105 under severe lateseason stress in upper field at roi et, thailand oct. Pdf evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by. Screening rice varieties for salinity tolerance by department. School of biosciences the university of birmingham august, 20. The funds were provided under the scheme of university advanced research. Considerable genetic variation in salt tolerance among rice varieties exists. Rice nurseries are prepared in may and transplantation occurs in june. Engineering salinity tolerance in rice by exogenous expression of cell death regulators v list of publications and conferences thi my linh hoang, brett williams, harjeet khanna, james dale and sagadevan g. Molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance of rice. Singh, plant breeder at the international rice research institute, discusses the latest progress in salinty tolerance research in rice. Overexpressing a nam, ataf, and cuc nac transcription factor enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice honghong hu, mingqiu dai, jialing yao, benze xiao, xianghua li, qifa zhang, and lizhong xiong national key laboratory of crop genetic improvement, national center of plant gene research wuhan and college of life science and technology. Salinity 50 mm nacl resulted in a modest 15% increase in atp production in anoxia.
Indraprastha university, india corresponding author. Do not use sodic irrigation water or alternate between sodic and nonsodic irrigation water sources. Improvement of salt tolerance in some varieties of rice by. Tolerance to salt is complex and regulated by numerous genetic and nongenetic factors. The present study was conducted to develop abiotic stresstolerant rice genotypes in.
However, rice is very sensitive to salinity and is the most salt sensitive cereal crop with a threshold of 3 dsm. Development of varieties with improved salt tolerance in major field crops is an urgent need to maintain crop productivity in different parts of the world. Biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants. Several studies were conducted to identify quantitative trait loci qtls for traits associated to salinity tolerance.
Climatic factors play a major role in the growth and. Scientists have successfully bred a rice variety that is salttolerant, which could enable farmers to reclaim coastal areas rendered useless by sea. Modifying sodium transport to improve salinity tolerance of. This study aims to establish rice as a crop model for salt. These mechanisms can also be further classified into ion exclusion, osmotic tolerance and tissue tolerance roy et al. Screening six varieties of rice oryzasativa for salinity. Disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are inversely modulated by an abscisic acidinducible mitogenactivated protein kinase.
Mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice oryza sativa l. Submergence tolerance is an important trait where short term flash flooding damages rice. Genetic dissection of salt tolerance in rice louisiana. The skc1 gene controls the amount of sodium a component of salt that builds up in rice plants as they grow. Cell wallrelated genes and expansins article pdf available june 2017 with 275 reads how we measure reads. Saltol qtl and their role in salinity tolerance in rice austin. Induction of salt tolerance in rice oryza sativa l. Feb 12, 2014 sub1 confers tolerance of complete submergence in rice 1970s. Improvement of salt tolerance in some varieties of rice by ascorbic acid application wan. The grain yields were collected in 1981 and 1982 in the village mit loza. Rice oryza sativa can germinate and emerge from anoxic, flooded soils. Worldwide rice is grown on some 400 million hectares.
To date most screens for salt tolerance rely on plant performance in stressed conditions. Improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice mdpi. Attempts to improve salt tolerance of crops through conventional breeding have not been very successful due to the complexity of the trait. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake, nitrogen.
Identification of candidate genes associated with salt tolerance. Assessment of salinity tolerance in rice using seedling. A handful of lines are known to be tolerant, and a small number of these have been used extensively as donors in breeding programs. Rice is a stable food in vietnam and plays a key role in the economy of the country. One set was grown as a control nonstress and other as salt stressed. Summary of genetic engineering approach for salinity stress tolerance in rice. Screening rice varieties for salinity tolerance by. In this investigation, we used a rice line rz35 derived from introgressive hybridization between rice oryza sativa l. Niab 6, bg 4024, basmati 370, and ir 1561 with different salt tolerance were grown in yoshida nutrient solution without and with 100mol m3 nacl. Goals objectives the overall goal of this proposal is to unravel the genetic basis of salt tolerance mechanisms operating in rice and exploit this information to accelerate breeding of rice varieties with improved salt tolerance. Pdf evaluation of salinity tolerance in rice genotypes. Salt tolerance is an important constrain for rice, which is generally categorized as a typical glycophyte. Experiment was conducted in triplicate and in two sets. Tolerance trait is often associated with quantitative trait loci qtls that have been challenging to isolate.
Advances in understanding salt tolerance in rice article pdf available in theoretical and applied genetics february 2019 with 852 reads how we measure reads. Rice genotypes with sub1 qtl differ in submergence. Pdf advances in understanding salt tolerance in rice. Acknowledgements this research was supported by universitas jember. Chlorophyll, reproductive stage, rice, salt stress. Sub1 confers tolerance of complete submergence in rice 1970s.
Assessment of salinity tolerance in rice using seedling based. Molecular dissection of seedling salinity tolerance in rice. International journal of molecular sciences article overexpression of rice expansin7 osexpa7 confers enhanced tolerance to salt stress in rice chuluuntsetseg jadamba 1, kiyoon kang 2, namchon paek 2, soo in lee 3, and soocheul yoo 1, 1 crop molecular breeding laboratory, department of plant life and environmental science, hankyong national university, jungangro, anseongsi, gyeonggido. Calciumalleviated salt tolerance in indica rice oryza. Molecular and genetic aspects of plant responses to osmotic stress. It has been estimated that a large portion of the worlds population depends wholly or partially on rice for its calorie intake. Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by multiple agronomic. Calciumalleviated salt tolerance in indica rice oryza sativa l. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content.
This article describes the ability to screen for salt tolerance in nonstressed conditions. However, these donors use many of the same genes and physiological mechanisms to confer tolerance. The low n use efficiency of lowland rice is associated with its loss by several mechanisms in the soilplant systems. Rice is a salinity sensitive crop, but the level of salinity tolerance varies in different varieties of rice 10. Improved salinity tolerance of rice through cell type. Shannon abstract reduction were observed scardaci et al. Due to the heterogeneity in floodprone ecosystem many different types of traditional rice cultivars are being grown by the farmers. Introgression as a means of generating phenotypic novelty, including altered stress tolerance, is increasingly being recognized as common. Evaluation of salinity tolerance in rice genotypes article pdf available in international journal of plant production 43. Pdf salinity tolerance in rice as affected by application of abscisic. Bils exhibited enhanced tolerance against salinity during germination and. Rice seedling tolerance of salinity and anoxic conditions. Overexpressing a nam, ataf, and cuc nac transcription. Shannon flood irrigation practices that are commonly used in california et al.
Saltol qtl and their role in salinity tolerance in rice. Using markerassisted backcrossing mabc to develop a new salt tolerance rice cultivar is one of the feasible methods to cope with these devastating changes. Leach the soil after planting under intermittent submergence to remove. Mapping of salt tolerance qtls in introgression lines. Salt stress of 15 dsm was applied to one set of rice seedlings under controlled conditions.
Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components. Pdf salinity and salt tolerance improvements in thai rice. Two lines were selected from the gal4gfp enhancer trap library described previously, one with gfp fluorescence specifically within the xylem parenchyma of the root asg f03 figures s1a and s1b, and one with gfp fluorescence specifically within the cortical cell layer of. Rice plants were grown in waterlogged conditions, to represent this aspect of irrigated rice fields that should be included in salinity tolerance studies, as the effects of hypoxia on salinity. Salinity and salt tolerance improvements in thai rice 47 saline soil inhibits rice germination at salinit y l evel20 ds m 1 hakim et al. The extent of salinity varies depending upon the plant growth stage. The mechanism of salt tolerance takes place at three levels of organization. Soil salinity is one of the major constraints affecting rice production worldwide, especially in the coastal areas. Physiological and morphological changes suriyan 2chaum 1, harminder pal singh, thapanee samphumphuang 1, chalermpol kirdmanee 1. New phenotyping technique for salinity tolerance at. Drought tolerance and aerobic rice breeding at irri international rice research institute learning objectives what is the problem. Susceptibility or tolerance of rice plants to high salinity is a coordinated action of multiple stress responsive genes. Salinity tolerance loci revealed in rice using highthroughput noninvasive phenotyping. Salt is a major abiotic stress threatening crop plants such as rice.
Waziri a, kumar p and purty rs university school of biotechnology, guru gobind singh. Concentration of sodium, calcium, zinc, phosphorus and chloride increased while that of potassium and magnesium decreased in the shoot sap when rice plant was exposed to naci salt stress. Modifying sodium transport to improve salinity tolerance of commercial rice cultivars oryza sativa l. Hairmansis et al 2014 used a nondestructive imagebased phenotyping protocol to assess salt tolerance traits of two rice varieties ir64 and fatmawati, and the response of rice to salinity 50, 75 and 100 mmoll nacl could be clearly distinguished from the control as. Salinity, however, compromises seedling establishment. Tagging and validation of ssr markers to salinity tolerance. Having a naturally occurring gene for salt tolerance means it should be possible for researchers to develop new salttolerant rice varieties using either traditional breeding or genetic engineering techniques. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components of rice. Submerge the field for two to four weeks before planting rice. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components of rice linghe zeng and michael c. Despite many attempts using different strategies to improve salinity tolerance in rice. The severity of antagonism to the plant growth caused by salinity, as indicated by fw and dw measurements, was lower in salttolerant rice, implying has less influence on the growth of these rice seedlings table 1. Jul 29, 20 screening rice varieties for salinity tolerance 173. Improvement of salt tolerance in rice oryza sativa l.
In general, rice can tolerate a small amount of saltwater without compromising the growth and. Salinity is one of the many abiotic stresses limiting rice production worldwide. Worldwide rice is grown on some 400 million hectares of salt affected land. Molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance of rice oryza. A rapid screening technique for salt tolerance in rice. It was thus possible to improve the genetic tolerance of rice varieties to salinity by adopting various breeding methods. Nov 18, 2011 submergence tolerance is an important trait where short term flash flooding damages rice.
As the number of data with salinity ece 7 dsm is small, the salt tolerance of rice cannot be exactly found, but it is at least. Breeding for salt tolerance in rice slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Stress and disease tolerance irri rice knowledge bank. It is a major agronomic problem in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Physiological and morphological changes suriyan 2chaum1, harminder pal singh, thapanee samphumphuang1, chalermpol kirdmanee1 1national center for. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Nitrogen use efficiency by flooded rice is less than 50% fageria et al, 2001, 2005.
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